Data Synchronization Definition
Data synchronization is the process of keeping the same data consistent across two or more systems, so that a change made in one place is reflected everywhere else. For example, when a product's price is updated, synchronization makes sure the online store, marketplace listings, and internal tools all show the new price.
How does it work?
Systems are connected so that changes can pass between them, usually through APIs (Application Programming Interfaces, which let software exchange data directly), file imports and exports, or integration tools. Synchronization differs mainly in direction and timing:
- One-way synchronization sends changes from a main system, often called the source of truth, to the others
- Two-way synchronization passes changes made in any connected system to the rest, which requires rules for what happens when the same data is changed in two places at once
- Real-time synchronization updates other systems as soon as a change is made, while scheduled synchronization sends changes in batches at set times, such as every hour or overnight
How is it different from data migration?
Data migration is a one-time move of data from an old system to a new one, after which the old system is usually retired. Synchronization is ongoing: the systems keep running side by side, and their data stays aligned over time.
How does PIM use data synchronization?
A Product Information Management (PIM) system usually acts as the central source of product information and synchronizes it with ecommerce platforms, marketplaces, and print catalogs. Data can also flow into the PIM, for example prices or stock levels from an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system. Without synchronization, teams would have to update each channel by hand, which quickly leads to mismatched prices and outdated product details.
